Which best management practice will help prevent contamination of surface water and groundwater by pesticides?

The practice of following Integrated Pest Management (IPM) principles is the most effective way to prevent contamination of surface water and groundwater by pesticides. IPM is a strategic approach that combines multiple management techniques to reduce pest populations while minimizing the risks associated with pesticide use. It emphasizes the use of non-chemical controls, such as biological control and habitat manipulation, alongside judicious pesticide applications. By adopting IPM, one can assess the pest situation thoroughly and choose the most appropriate control methods, often resulting in reduced pesticide use and, consequently, a lower risk of contamination.

In contrast, using pesticides that are highly water-soluble can actually increase the likelihood of leaching into water sources, which poses a significant contamination risk. Selecting persistent pesticides can lead to long-term residues in the environment, increasing the chances of both surface and groundwater contamination. Applying pesticides without regard to environmental conditions ignores critical factors that influence runoff and drift, such as rainfall, wind, and the physical characteristics of the application site, further heightening the risk of pesticide entering water bodies. Thus, adhering to IPM principles is key to effectively protecting water quality while managing pests.